What is a fellowship? A Fellowship is the period of medical training, in the United States and Canada, that a physician, dentist, pharmacist,or veterinarian may undertake after completing a specialty training program (residency). During this time (usually more than one year), the practitioner is known as a Fellow. Fellows are capable of acting as an Attending Physician or a Consultant Physician in the generalist field in which they were trained, such as Internal Medicine or Pediatrics.